Their origin raises many questions.
Despite the efforts of historians and anthropologists, the history of these peoples still keeps its mysteries.
Yes, Russian is one of the most mysterious peoples. Scientists still can’t come to a consensus neither about the fact, when Russian became “Russian”, nor about where, in fact, that word has occurred. Controversial is the question of the origin of the people. In Russian ancestors recorded and Normans, and Scythians, and Sarmatians, wends, and even the people of the South Siberian tribes.
Maya
We do not know the origin of the Mayan people, no matter where he went. Some scientists erected the Mayan roots to the legendary Atlantis, while others believe that their ancestors were the Egyptians. The Mayans created an effective system of agriculture, had a deep knowledge in the field of astronomy. The calendar developed by the Maya, used, and other peoples of Central America. They used a hieroglyphic writing system, partially deciphered. The Mayan civilization was very advanced, but by the time of the arrival of the conquistadors was in a deep decline, and the Maya themselves seem to dissolve in history.
The Lapps
Lapp, also called Saami and the Lapps. The age of this ethnic group has no less than 5000 years. Scientists are still arguing about who the Lapps and where they came from. Some believe this Mongoloid people, others argue that the Lapps — paleosurface. The sámi language belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages, but the Lapps 10 dialects of the Sami language, which are so different from each other, which can be called independent. It even makes it difficult to communicate some of the Laplanders with others.
The Prussians
The origin of the name of Prussia is shrouded in mystery. The first time it is found only in the IX century in the form of Brusi in the draft, anonymous merchant, and later in the Polish and German Chronicles. Linguists find analogies in many Indo-European languages and believe that it is derived from the Sanskrit purusa — “man”. Not also preserved sufficient information about the language of the Prussians. Its last bearer died in 1677, and the plague of 1709-1711 years destroyed the last of the Prussians, and in Prussia itself. Already in the XVII century instead of Prussian history begins with the history of “prosacea” and the Kingdom of Prussia, which the local population had little to do with the name of Baltic Prussians.
Cossacks
The question of where did the Cossacks, still remains unresolved. Find their homeland in the North Caucasus, and in the sea of Azov, and in Western Turkestan. Ancestry of the Cossacks erected to the Scythians, the Alans, the Circassians, to the Khazars, the Goths, the brodniki. Supporters of all versions have their arguments. Today, the Cossacks — a multi-ethnic community, but they like to insist that the Cossacks are a separate people.
Parsa
The Parsis, an ethno — confessional group of followers of Zoroastrianism in South Asia with Iranian origin. The population is now less than 130 thousand people. Parsis have their own temples and the so-called “towers of silence” where, in order not to defile the sacred elements (earth, fire, water), bury the dead (vultures peck at corpses). The Parsees are often compared to Jews, they also were forced to leave their homeland and meticulous in enforcing cults. “The Iranian League in India the beginning of the XX century promoted a return Parsi home, reminiscent of the Zionism of the Jews.
Hutsuls
The meaning of the word “Hutsul” is still under debate. Some scholars believe that the etymology of the word dates back to the Moldovan “gots” or “guts”, which means “thief”, others — to the word “kocol”, which means “shepherd”. Hutsuls also called “Ukrainian highlanders.” Among them is still a strong tradition of quackery. Hutsul sorcerers called molfars. They can be white and black. Molfars are the unquestioned authority.
The Hittites
Hittite power was one of the most influential forces on the geopolitical map of the Ancient world. Here appeared the first Constitution, the Hittites used the first war chariots and revered by the double-headed eagle, but information about the Hittites is still fragmentary. In their “tables of the courageous acts” of kings a lot of marks “for next year, but the year of the report is unknown. The chronology of the Hittite Empire, we know from the sources of its neighbors. The question remains: where are the Hittites? Johann Leman in his book “the Hittites. The people of a thousand gods” gives a version of what the Hittites had gone North, where assimilated with the Germanic tribes. But this is only version.
The Sumerians
The Sumerians are the most interesting and is still one of the most mysterious peoples of the Ancient world. We don’t know neither whence they came nor of what language family they belonged to language. A large number of homonyms suggests that he was tone (like modern Chinese), and hence, the meaning is often dependent on intonation. The Sumerians were one of the most advanced peoples of their time, they are the first in the middle East began to use the wheel, have created an irrigation system, has invented a unique written language, and knowledge of the Sumerians in mathematics and astronomy amaze still.
The Etruscans
Ancient people of the Etruscans suddenly appeared in human history, but as suddenly it disappeared. According to archaeologists, the Etruscans inhabited North-Western part of the Apennine Peninsula where he built a fairly advanced civilization. It was founded by the Etruscans in Italy, the first city. Historians also believe that Roman numerals can also be called Etruscan. It isn’t known where the Etruscans disappeared. According to one version, they moved eastward and became the ancestors of the Slavic ethnic group. Some scholars argue that the Etruscan language in its structure is very close to Slavic.
Armenians
The origins of the Armenians. Versions are many. Some scholars relate Armenians with the people of the ancient state of Urartu, Urartu but a genetic component is present in the genetic code of the Armenians as well as a genetic component to those of the Hurrians and luvisi, not to mention protogermanic. There is a Greek version of the origin of the Armenians, and the so-called “halaska hypothesis”, in which the Armenians becomes pervorodnoe Hayes — the area East of the Hittite Kingdom. Scientists have not given a definitive answer to the question of the origin of the Armenians and often adhere to the migration-mixed hypothesis of the Armenian ethnogenesis.
Gypsies
According to linguistic and genetic research, the ancestors of the Roma left the Indian territory in the amount not exceeding 1000. Today there are about 10 million Roma. In the Middle ages, the Roma in Europe considered Egyptians. The word Coffee is derived from the Egyptian. Tarot cards that are considered the last surviving splinter of the cult of the Egyptian God Thoth, were brought to Europe by Gypsies. They are not in vain called “Pharaoh’s tribe”. It was astonishing to Europeans that Gypsies were embalmed their dead and buried in the crypts, which laid all the necessities of life after death. These funeral traditions alive at Roma today.
The Jews
Jews — one of the most enigmatic of the living peoples. For a long time it was believed that the very notion of “the Jews” more cultural than ethnic. That is what the Jews created Judaism, and not Vice versa. Science is still under fierce debate that initially represented the Jews, as a nation, social class or religious denomination.
Mysteries in the history of the Jewish people a lot. At the end of the VIII century BC entirely disappeared five-sixths of the Jews — 10 of 12 ethnozoology childbirth. Where did they go — the big question. There is a version that from the Scythians and Cimmerians, as descendants of the 10 tribes, occur the Finns, Swiss, Swedes, Norwegians, Irish, Welsh, French, Belgians, Dutch, Danes, Irish and Welsh, that is, almost all European Nations. Discussion remains the question of the origin of the Ashkenazi Jews, on their proximity to the middle East to the Jews.
The Guanches
The Guanches — the aborigines of Tenerife. The mystery of how they ended up in the Canary Islands, is still not solved because they had no Navy and don’t have the skills of navigation. Their anthropological type did not correspond to the latitudes where they lived. Spores cause and a rectangular pyramid on the island of Tenerife, like the pyramids of the Mayans and the Aztecs in Mexico. You don’t know the time of their construction, nor the purpose for which they were erected.
The Khazars
On the Khazars, wrote many neighboring Nations, but they almost did not leave information about yourself. How suddenly the Khazars appeared on the historical stage, just as suddenly, they went with it. Historians are still no sufficient archaeological evidence that were the Khazars, no understanding of what language the Khazars spoke. It is unknown where they eventually disappeared. Versions are many. There is no clarity.
Peplum
Age, origin, and the Basque language — one of the mysteries of modern history. Basque language — euskara, is considered the only relic of a pre language, not related to any existing language family. With regard to genetics, according to a study conducted in 2012 by the National Geographic Society, all the Basques contain a set of genes that significantly distinguish them from other surrounding Nations.
The Chaldeans
The Chaldeans — this is Semitic-Aramaic people, living in the end of II — beginning I thousand BC in southern and Central Mesopotamia. In 626-538 BC in Babylon, the rules of the Chaldean dynasty, who founded the new Babylon Kingdom. The Chaldeans were people who still associated with magic and astrology. In Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, the Chaldeans called the priests and the soothsayers of Babylon origin. The Chaldeans made the prediction Alexander the great and his heirs of Antigone and Seleucus.
The Sarmatians
The Sarmatians — one of the most mysterious peoples in history. Herodotus called them “aerogravity”, Lomonosov believed that from the Sarmatians occurred Slavs, and the Polish nobility called themselves direct descendants. The Sarmatians left a lot of mysteries. They have probably was a matriarchy. Some of the scholars are from the Sarmatian roots of the Russian kokoshnik. Among them was a widespread custom of artificial deformation of the skull, through which the human head took the shape of an egg.
Kalash
Kalash — indigenous people living in Northern Pakistan in the Hindu Kush mountains. He is probably best known to the white people of Asia. The debate about the origin of Kalash continue today. Themselves the Kalash believe that they are the descendants of the great. The Kalash language is phonologically atypical call, he retained the basic structure of Sanskrit. Despite the attempts of Islamization, keep a Kalash polytheism.
The Philistines
The modern name “Palestine” comes from “Philistia”. The Philistines — the most mysterious of the people mentioned in the Bible. In the middle East only they and the Hittites mastered the technology of smelting of steel, marking the beginning of the iron age. The Bible says that this nation originates from the island of Caphtor (Crete), although some historians associate the Philistines with the Pelasgians. About the Cretan origins of the Philistines is demonstrated, the Egyptian manuscripts and archaeological finds. Where did the Philistines, is still not clear. Most likely they were assimilated by the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean.
