Hunting wild animals always entails some risks for the health and life of a hunter. Risk factors may include mechanical trauma received in the process of mining the beast or setting traps in the winter — frostbite, often allergic reactions to insect bites etc. All this will be exacerbated by hunters in remote areas from cities, which can be qualified help.
Another big danger for people is infectious and parasitic diseases of wild animals that can be caught by contact during skinning, butchering and processing of animal raw materials.
One of the dangerous diseases for hunters and dog breeders is rabies. Infection of a human or animal is through the skin, resulting in deep bite or contact with saliva of an infected animal with broken skin and mucous membranes.
Rabies (hydrophobia) is characterized by severe Central nervous system and ends in most cases is lethal. The main sources of human infection with rabies in Eastern Europe and on the territory of the Russian Federation are dogs and cats, which in turn infected by wild carnivores (Fox, raccoon dog, etc.) and rodents.
According to the world health organization, every year from this infection kills tens of thousands of people worldwide, and 40% of people who have been bitten by supposedly rabid animals are children under 15 years. In the high risk area are also hunters and taxidermists due to more frequent contact with wild animals carrying the virus.
There are several forms of the disease: violent, quiet and atypical. It should be borne in mind that the rabies virus appears in the saliva in animals incubation period 3-5 days before the appearance of the first clinical signs of the disease, when the animal externally is great, so any bite of a person need not be ignored.
In the Russian Federation, according to Rosselkhoznadzor, during the first two weeks of January 2016, there were 72 cases of rabies in animals, and from 1 to 18 February 2016 — 166 cases. The greatest number of cases in the Moscow, Belgorod, Bryansk, Lipetsk, Sverdlovsk, Yaroslavl regions and in the Udmurt Republic. The majority of rabies reported in foxes — 71 and dogs — 54 case.
Currently developed and are quite reliable means of prevention of the disease, but the cure for rabies is still no. The main causes of human infection with rabies are a lack of alertness and knowledge about the risk of Contracting rabies in case of bites, zarabianie, animals or licks or delay in seeking medical care. Hunters with dogs should be particularly careful, as their Pets more often come into contact with wildlife vectors of rabies.
The main preventive measure against rabies in domestic animals is an annual vaccination and the observance of “animal welfare”. The animal must be registered in veterinary stations to combat animal diseases, and it is necessary to issue an official veterinary certificate with the seal of the veterinary institutions (organizations). Unvaccinated animals may not be used for hunting, service, breeding activities, as well as to transport them and participate in dog training and breeding activities.
For any disease of an animal and especially if you have symptoms of rabies (abundant salivation, difficulty swallowing, seizures) should immediately contact the nearest veterinary clinic.
If your pet for some reason the bitten person, do not hide, you must inform the victim the address and telephone number, and then deliver the dog or cat for inspection and supervision to the veterinarian. It should be noted that the pet owner is solely administrative, and when applied to permanent injury and/or death of the victim to criminal liability.
Effective measures to prevent the spread of rabies among wild animals is the regulation of population of wild carnivores and stray animals, control of transportation of animals and oral immunization of wild carnivores.
If there is contact with an animal (bite, scratch, etc.), you must immediately wash the affected area with soap. Deep wounds should be washed by a jet of soapy water with a syringe or catheter and as quickly as possible to go to the nearest emergency room. It is advisable to inform the doctor a description of the animal: its appearance and behaviour, the circumstances under which was made the bite. Next you should undergo a course of vaccination against rabies of animals. It is worth remembering that the sooner you get started the course of prevention, the more chances to prevent the disease.
Animals, pokusava people to immediately isolate or shoot. Isolated animals contain under strict veterinary supervision for 10 days. If during this period they have not showed signs of rabies, they are considered healthy.
