If you want to imagine what a Russian province, then come to Kaluga, 180 km North of Kostroma. In this quiet and ancient town you can see the essence of the heartland of Russia. The Russian, who holds the immutability of traditions, folk customs, adhered to the Patriarchal order. Chuhlomsky residents are not alien to old-fashioned decency, which condemns the licentiousness and debauchery of the modern world and cares about morality. Chukhloma is a worthy Russian province, a different world, slightly lost in the hustle and bustle of the events on the planet.
Modern Irkutsk is not much different from Chukhlomy past centuries: all those wooden houses from log cabins make up the bulk of the city, all the same, almost medieval unhurried pace of the city asking his quiet and thorough residents with special Northern type of temperament. Native chlomid never does anything hastily, hurriedly, on the contrary, he searched for any thing, he first think about “with feeling, really, slowly”. Therefore, in Chukhloma decided not to do any acts and make decisions in a hurry, impulsively. Everything happens slowly and deliberately, in a different pace than in Metropolitan areas.
Slowly walking through the quiet old streets of Chukhloma that look almost the same as in the past centuries (if not to pay attention to paved roads and satellite dishes on the roofs of wooden houses), suddenly, may felt as if here-here from the corner emerges a cab with horses with the leader of district nobility and the Zemstvo doctor…
Modern chuhloma – a resident not only hardworking, but also prosperous, wealthy, in almost every yard there is a car, and sometimes more than one, for each adult family member. The mentality of a native cohlmia is rooted deep in antiquity. It was formed when its inhabitants had to endure historical events occurring in Russia at the time, to overcome the hardships associated with them, and along the way to survive in the lean and hungry years, which also left its imprint on the character of the resident of the province. Chlamydi do not have the habit to waste money left and right, wasting nothing. Chlomid likes to save and accumulate: having something “in store”, it is easier to survive in this troubled world with its unpredictable events. Almost any average chukhlomskaya family without any problems and will survive adversity, when the world will happen some disasters, as in the bins of each house there are food reserves that will help to survive for a long time, regardless of external conditions. The unwritten “doctrine of food security” is the condition of existence of almost every family in this quiet Russian province, which are achieved due to hard work on their own plot.
The official founding date of the ancient city Chukhloma is considered to be the year 1381, But it is conditional, the date, as these forest edges in the depths of the Galich Principality of Moscow state was populated long before formed the Rus state. Chuhlomskogo on the banks of the lake, on which now stands the city, there were settlements of primitive people, according to archaeological finds, in the first Millennium BC. In the beginning of our era the tribes living along the shores of lake chuhlomskogo were called “Chud”. Presumably hence the name of the city Chukhloma, when the lake, which is located “Chud settlement”, called “lake Peipsi”, and later changed to “chuhlomskogo lake”, and why it takes its name, the ancient town of Chukhloma.
The Slavs in these forest region, rich in fish, game and furs began to be reached only at the end of the IX century. It was Novgorod-Christians, and the local Chud heathens-the Gentiles. At this time, and began to occur assimilation of locals with the Slavs. Since ancient times preserved the memory of ancient Chud tribes, which sometimes sounds strange to the Russian ear the ancient names of rivers and places such as the vex, Viga, Achrome, Edema, Vozega, Morega, etc.
The official founding date of Chukhloma is the origin and basis of chuhlomskogo famous ancient monastery – the middle of XIV century. Companion of St. Sergius of Radonezh, Abraham came to this sparsely populated forest region and saw that among the local population many more unbaptized Gentiles – the descendants of the tribes of Chud, and decided to found a monastery “in the tract of Chukhloma on the mound”, with a missionary goal including. So there was this monastery on the opposite Bank , which operates since ancient times to our time, named after a disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh Avraamiev-Gorodetskiy, which is 7 km along the lake and 11 km around the shore, near the village Nozhkino.
By the mid-fourteenth century and relates the accession of Chukhloma to the Government of Moscow, then Irkutsk begins to appear in historical Chronicles and documents of the time. Medieval sources convey mainly information about “troubles and sorrows” in these parts: it often happened that the plague that killed almost the entire population of Chukhloma, we were overtaken by a terrible famine due to crop failure because of drought. Chukhloma and the surrounding villages died out partially, and sometimes entirely, sometimes there were raids and attacks by belligerent neighbors – Tatars and Cheremis. The younger son of Dmitry Donskoy – Yuri of Galich who owned the lot, which included the Chukhloma, took protective measures against the raids of enemies by building different FORTS. Like a wooden fortress in the beginning of the XV century was erected in the town of Chukhloma. During the reign of Ivan the terrible Chukhloma taken into the oprichnina, enrolling in “Tsarev their everyday life”. Since 1780 the city was rebuilt according to the new approved plan, which in its a little modified form – expanded and updated, but still exists. Now in Chukhloma lives, according to the last census, 5 106 – slightly as the young people went to study in neighbouring Kostroma and Yaroslavl, in Northern capital St. Petersburg or in the very Golden and most of it remains. In Chukhloma return those who with all my heart bound to his Homeland, who see their future in Chukhloma, and the inhabitants of middle-aged and older, who are accustomed to the unhurried pace of life away from bustling cities and is not going to change it for another.
As in past centuries, almost without exception, all the male population are employed in the construction sector. And not just the construction, namely wooden architecture: chuhlomsky master cut log homes and log cabins saunas, making the wooden houses not only the capital of Russia – Moscow and St. Petersburg, but also the entire Central region of the country, sometimes including and South with fertile Krasnodar territory and the Rostov region. The most enterprising and energetic chuhlomsky businesses have aimed to master the construction market of Crimea and look forward to the opening of the Kerch bridge, as long as hampered the delivery of lumber from the log via ferry. But you can be sure that it is necessary to open a reliable way to Crimea how will the flow of heavy log cabins in the direction of Simferopol, Sevastopol and Yalta from Chukhloma.
Tradition of wooden architecture in Irkutsk is rooted deep in antiquity, when our ancestors in Russia were huts built up their settlements. No wonder the ancestors of Chukhloma from time immemorial have mastered the territory of a large lake, rich not only in fish, thus fisheries, but forests, building their wooden houses and saunas made from that material, in abundance grew, and grows still in the vicinity of Chukhloma.
From time immemorial ancient chuhloma was built up with wooden houses and the towers. An example is preserved to the present times an architectural monument of wooden architecture of the XIX century wooden tower under the Chukhloma, beauty and unusual architecture in the “orientalization” Russian style, as a manifestation of the uniqueness of national culture.
Since Peter went tradition chuhlomsky seasonal workers travel outside the city for the construction of wooden houses in the Northern capital of Russia – Saint Petersburg . In 1700, Peter I announced the recruitment in Chuhlomsky County farmers for the construction of capital required, in large part, the carpenters. And it continues this tradition of seasonal work in Chukhloma, which began more than 300 years ago.
In the past wakakakakaka left for work, mostly to Peter. Been away for a long time, sometimes years, but his family never forgot, was constantly sending family parcels and remittances. According to statistics, before the First World war each year, migrant workers sent more than a million rubles annually, come from 100 to 300 pounds of packages in the mail daily. All of this was for the benefit of families in the province, increased the growth of welfare families. In Petersburg even had its own restaurant at chuhlomsky seasonal workers called “Chukhloma”, which was located on the street Razyezzhaya in the Ligovka district. In this restaurant whiled away his spare time chlamydi-countrymen with a Cup of tea or something stronger, and shared the news with a small country, discussed the events that occurred there. The number of migrant workers in the Kostroma province Chukhlomskiy County was in the first place: for every 100 men, 57 were in seasonal work.
From time to timemigrant workers were returning home, brought with them a new experience of life in the capital, the new impressions, skills, shared with members the new “capital” of fashion in everything from clothing and manners to the new trends in wooden architecture. Migrant workers returning home, was built in Chukhloma new wooden house, applying a new experience and knowledge that I learned, while in the distance on the work, built their homes with the light of the new developments in wooden architecture. Simple peasants have built their houses according to the type of aristocratic choir. Before our time preserved wooden houses seasonal workers Ivan Polyashov in Pogorelovo and Marian Sazonova V, Ostashevo. Unfortunately, there are not many country manors, built in the style of aristocratic mansions in Besenova, Kozinski, Nazarovo, sokolove and dozens of other villages Chuhlomskogo County.
Nowadays carpenters from Chuhloma also at the time of leaving their homes for work, for the constructionof wooden houses. Something has changed in their latrines fishery compared to previous centuries, and some traditions of hunting and survived. As in ancient times, the migrant workers today – poor people, so most are not only their own homes, but also cars, and even several, which go to work outside the region. Today chukhlomskiy carpenter working mainly in the Moscow region that the car is a few hours of the trip. The team of carpenters, builders travels to complete a job and back home, thus not leaving a long time family and place of residence. And modern means of communication such as mobile phone and computer video do not give to feel the man that he lives in isolation from family and home. As in ancient times,the construction of wooden houses in the suburban areas of the capital’s residents continues to be in demand. Today, carpenters from Chuhloma erect wooden houses, not only of logs but also of the timber that it is easier and faster. Wooden house from a bar is much cheaper than the houses from logs manual felling, so the construction of country houses takes place, often from different kinds of timber. The timber is quite convenient in construction material, thanks to its smooth geometric form that allows you to build incredibly beautifulwooden houses with different architectural forms and solutions. Except Moscow and Moscow region, chlopskie carpenters go tothe construction of wooden houses in other regions of Central Russia and southern regions. Northern capital – Saint-Petersburg, now in second place after Moscow in terms of frequency of departures from chuhlomsky carpenters.
In Chukhloma, there are entire families of carpenters, dynasty masters that are years, decades are engaged in manufacture of log houses, construction of wooden houses. Knowledge and experience are passed from older family member to the youngest, from fathers to sons. Thus, the tradition of wooden architecture are preserved and enhanced by new increments of experience in the construction of young carpenters, who are not shy to use and apply modern tools and technologies in the construction of wooden houses.
Modern Chukhloma lives and grows young people and new wooden houses due to the forest industry. As before, these places are rich in forest, which surrounds on all sides the small town on the shore of a vast lake with a monastery on the opposite Bank. Pensioners and the elderly respected here summer and winter fishing on the lake. Women after the main work in urban institutions love to dig in the beds of their gardens, not only growing amazing tomatoes, cucumbers and other greens of different species and varieties, and gorgeous flower beds. Modern Chukhloma lives and grows young people and new wooden houses due to the forest industry. As before, these places are rich in forest, which surrounds on all sides the small town on the shore of a vast lake with a monastery on the opposite Bank. Pensioners and the elderly respected here summer and winter fishing on the lake. Women after the main work in urban institutions love to dig in the beds of their gardens, not only growing amazing tomatoes, cucumbers and other greens of different species and varieties, and gorgeous flower beds. The majority of men – from young children to the elderly, or otherwise engaged in the timber industry: logging, the felling of log houses, production of lumber in the shop, working in a team of carpenters in the field or just an entrepreneur who organizes the whole process of construction of wooden houses in Moscow, Moscow suburbs and other regions of the country.
Today Chukhloma, like hundreds of years ago – a city of wooden architecture, which builds wooden houses not only in other fields and areas but is actively built new wooden houses. Each owner, building your house, has a rich experience in the construction of wooden houses, so generous use of their skills in building their houses, sparing no money and effort, trying to had turned out worse than others or neighbor. And growing wood Chukhloma, expanding the new space. No wonder after all that appeared in the XXI century the territory of wooden houses, called the people of Tsarskoye Selo, where to build and settle the most prosperous in the timber trade and the construction of chlamydi.
As in Chukhloma will be a forest supporter citizens, and many would stand Chukhloma.
