One ardent statist on the payroll encourages morning to protect the Russian language from foreign words.
It is, in General, naturally such a proposal, not just expressed by deputies from the liberal democratic party. Which are known to be endowed with a miraculous gift to predict the unspoken ideas of the high superiors (often doing completely without the help of intuition). It cannot be excluded that the statists on the payroll had this honorary function is to master throw pillows for discussion to get a feel for matured client.
In itself the idea to put the police on guard in Russian speech there is nothing unexpected or surprising.
If we have government officials constantly tell citizens what movies they see in theaters, what kind of art should be exhibited in museums and galleries what books are acceptable to read, which websites to go, the spirit in which to raise children, what food and medicines to ingest, and what to think about the events of September 1939 year, sooner or later must reach the public words of a language having established a chain of perfectly understandable mechanisms. First through the state Duma and the Federation Council held a pile of laws that contain prohibitions on certain imported words, to set standards of responsibility for their use for legal and natural persons, then connect the MVD, FSB, Regardie, Roskomnadzor, the Russian investigative Committee, prosecutors and courts to punish offenders. And, obviously, the prohibition of the use of foreign words, as liability for any other form of thoughtcrime, you should take the “anti-terrorist package” (not economic!), bringing violators of the restrictions will immediately sew extremist article, “crimes against the constitutional order of the Russian Federation” as it is written in my own indictment. This means that any investigation will be classified as “of special importance”, which will allow you to participate in each of these cases the entire chain, from the Opera of HOPE to FSB generals, and everyone will be able to earn a stake in the report for success in the next rescue of the Fatherland from the enemy…
But it’s not interesting because of the mechanisms of functioning of this system, I are already here more than once wrote: the Dodge makes no difference, what to be excited. But about the phenomenon of “clogging” of the Russian language of foreign words, you should ask where it came from.
Of course, any educated person today is simply obliged to enrage the mindless hell of an influx of foreign borrowing, which over the past quarter century. oral and written Russian speech. Events with merchandisers, coaches with experience in team building, trading bonds for stockmarket, insight to the insider about the exit polls/Aypio, that’s all. Well remember how in 1993 year came to us in Israel from Moscow, the late Ilya Kormiltsev, polygot, genius and scholar, and brought a new Russian joke:
Our post office offers customers new types of services: marketing, konverting, leasing and Prilepin.
This anecdote seemed to me then very funny, but completely absurd, like “How many wolf feed, you still have the elephant anymore.” Only after returning to Russia a few years later that I realized the extent to which specifically and truthfully, this joke reflects the actual processes of litter everyday Russian language. And it is clear that these processes, not least to be associated with low literacy and a total lack of a sense of the language of vnedreniyu. Which your vet got on the weekly Express courses where I picked up the term, but had neither the time nor the mind really comprehend them — and dragged him into business practice, forming in each industry has its own jargon, rich in pointless foreign copies.
If desired, any of us can name 10, 50 or 100 terms that have already entered the dictionaries of the Russian language, but initially they it absolutely was not necessary because fully overlap in the sense already existed in everyday life, everyone can understand words and expressions. For example, retail is retail, nothing else. Clearance in the mechanic is the lumen. Don’t like the clearance, can the “gap”. Clearance to medicine cleansing, elimination. A healer is a healer. A realtor is a broker. Check-up examination, clinical examination. Foreign words, not introducing new meanings, language is not needed. There they start from lack of hygiene of speech. Regrettable, you can refrain from using all these parasites in their own conversations, but alas: if the word parasite has taken root in the broad speech of everyday life, its place in the dictionary.
However, the more there is in the language are not stupid doubles like “retail”, and words that reflect fundamentally new phenomena which had never happened before, neither in society nor in nature, so they don’t have familiar names, and inventing for them neologism — a natural process for any language. And to talk about “proper” Russian word-formation, you just need to take into account peculiarities of the Russian language. Which has its very clear path is not unique, but not identical to the other languages of Europe.
The most obvious and simple of our time — computer. The word for this phenomenon, more or less simultaneously beginning to come into use throughout the world. The source computer is a classic of English word formation. Took the Americans a verb to compute, calculate, put the suffix-er, pointing to the figure, got the word, literally translated into foreign languages as “evaluator”. And then all the peoples of the world began the word to adopt for yourself. And there perfectly reflected the very special way.
The French, the Germans, the Israelis, the Czechs easily repeated exercise of the Americans: picked up your verb with the meaning “calculate” hitched suffix figure, was not borrowing a neologism from the local root. Ordinateur, Rechner, mahlev, počitač. Words, not like the “computer” in sound but identical in meaning.
Russian language by its very nature, this path was not organic. Of course, this path was trying to go. Called the computer a “computing machine” was shortened to computers in the early 1980‘s, with the advent of the PC, added the word “personal” and re-cut — to PC. In those same years, Russian translation Lona Pool and original manuals Bryabrin showered on the head of the public and other terms formed the same way: RAM, ROM, CPU, hard disk, floppy disk, manipulator like “mouse”, etc it was the official designation, and none of them stuck. Because Russian is such a special language that is used whatever terminology be adopted from the everyday life where she came to us. This is for the living Russian language in a completely natural, organic time-honored and successful practice of the process. We even “carpenter” and “carpenter” — words of foreign origin, not to mention the soldier, the sailor, the captain, the commander of the army and Navy, aviation and aerospace, about the Patriarchate and the presidential administration. Sometimes this age-old tradition comes to sheer absurdity, as in the case of Nord-OST and the South-West. Which at the time of his arrival in the Russian language was obviously redundant all would normally understand “northeast” and “southwest,” but they caught on with a Bang, because it is a completely organic way, and the very Dutch sounding then it carries our meaning, which is not in the original Dutch words.
At various times happened in Russia, the Patriotic movement who were trying to deal with the “clogging” of the Russian language through “import substitution” — but none ofdichogamy, this monster high heel, totalise, aracati, acesta, rocori and krestoslovitsa the speakers of the living language was not supported. And piano, galoshes, sidewalks, Billiards, selfishness, a grimace and a crossword puzzle — it is native to any English speaking human words. Above the Shishkov attempts to develop a Russian vocabulary, not on the basis of language, and of political dogma, jiving Pushkin first Chapter of “Onegin”:
In the latest taste of toilet
Taking your curious gaze,
I could before scientists light
Describe here his attire;
B of course it was brave,
To describe my business:
But pantaloons, tail-coat, waistcoat,
All of these words in Russian is not;
And I see, vinyus before you,
That much so my poor syllable
Dapple much less able
The strangers words,
Though I look old
In the Academic dictionary.
The natural process of appearance of new words in the Russian language does not exclude the occurrence of words with local roots. In the same computer terminology, though not rolled the name of RAM, we’re not talking RAM, and the RAM, more formally — memory. Winchester, hard, over time, became known as a hard disk. The word “floppy”, though of foreign origin, but all are not “floppy disk” as it was called in the countries-exporters. Drives at the time, confidently won the “floppy drive”. Again, “tablet” — a foreign word, but never a “tablet”, as they call them in the country of origin. That is, in the appearance of words with Russian roots to denote new phenomena, nothing is impossible. It’s just we have no way of default and the less frequent variant.
In the Russian language possible “airplane” and “helicopter”, but he lands at the airport or at the airport, although in Czech letadlo sits on letiště. In Israel, where, because of the novelty of the Hebrew language his neologisms tried to steer specifically created for the needs of the Academy, she thought that the plane will be called “aviron”, the word “Avir” means “air”. Included this word in dictionaries and textbooks. But lively media “Vozduha” for some reason, not rolled, and his tongue steadily supplanted the “Matos” — the precise semantic counterpart of the Czech “letadla”. When Israel came the markers, the Academy ordered to call them “philon” from the word “wick”. But it went in somehow, “logim”, the name of the first manufacturer is a perfect analogy to the Russian naming, copy machines “Xerox”, whatever Brother, Casio, Epson or HP did not make them.
In General, until today the natural order of the formation of any language is determined not guidance of the authorities, the party or Philology, and the free choice of living media. Which, over time ustakanilos, recorded by bona fide researchers in dictionaries as the new norm. Even if these same researchers mind understood that a fixed norm incorrect. For example, historically, the Greek letter “Rho” in Latin is always passed as RH, and in Russian terminology — as the doubled “R”. Accordingly, the correct term is “hemorrhoids” and “gonorrhea”, so they were written in all the textbooks, which were used by physicians in tsarist Russia and in the USSR until the mid XX century. Where did the spelling of these words using one “R”? Of course, from the spelling errors of medical staff. But at some point (as the forgetting of the Soviet physicians of the Greek and Latin), this error won, the correct spelling — and was recorded as a new terminological standards in the dictionary, and then in spellchecker.
No official, scholar or Jingo can’t replace or “fix” their inspirations living process of easycommerce and evolution of linguistic norms. The attempts of this kind — they are from ignorance, from misunderstanding of what a living language, by what laws it is designed and developed. You can take a bunch of laws to bring 100500 administrative and criminal cases, but to say people are not as ordered, but as they naturally. In many cases, the choice of vocabulary will reflect the personality of the speaker — his social and geographical origins, belonging to the professional community and/or subculture. The legislation to regulate it couldn’t probably even Kim Jong-UN (although this month he’s already officially banned in the country sarcasm: now in Korea for the meme “Obama took a shit in the stairwell” will be put on extremist article). And certainly no one would ever be able to “adjust” the language of Pushkin and Chekhov, Tolstoy and Bunin, Nabokov, and Brodsky.
There are fortresses, which did not take even the Bolsheviks.
