History proves the unreliability of this state system.
The ideas of Marxism-Leninism or the Communist state were close not only to the Soviet Union. In the world was, and still several countries that declared themselves socialist States. They all existed with different forms of government in different parts of the world and at different times. They were United on a common idea, and probably the overall outcome of events.
People’s Republic Of China.
The largest by population country in the world today is in the form of government to a parliamentary one-party socialist Republic. People’s Republic of China is a unitary Republic, socialist state of democratic dictatorship of the people. Since the proclamation of the people’s Republic of China in 1949, the ruling party is the Communist party of China. At the moment it is the most developed and successful of all the existing socialist States. Since 2014, China’s economy was the first economy in the world by GDP.
However, despite economic growth in the early twenty-first century, China faces serious economic, environmental and social issues: increased the income gap between rich and poor; increased the difference in the development of villages and towns, East and West, especially coastal areas; increased unemployment in some areas has been poisoned land, soil and hydrosphere. China’s growing street protests. The government is strongly opposed to dissent. In the country, blocked almost all the world’s social network and in fact has its own private Internet in the framework of one state.
Democratic Kampuchea.
Democratic Kampuchea was formed in 1976 as a result of the takeover of the Khmer Republic, the so-called “Khmer Rouge”. Their ideology was based mainly on the rejection of everything Western and modern. The government of Democratic Kampuchea were the leaders of the Khmer Rouge. The actual management of the life of the country was carried out “, Angka, loeu” — “Supreme organization”, the head of which stood the family clans of the leaders of the Khmer Rouge, including their spouses. The names and portraits of the leaders of the country were kept secret from the public.
Immediately after coming to power, the Khmer Rouge established a political dictatorship. They have announced a “revolutionary experiment to build in Cambodia “one hundred percent of Communist society”. Were “cancelled” and in fact — the completely destroyed system of medicine, education, science and culture. Hospitals, schools, universities, libraries, other institutions of culture and science were closed. Have been banned money, foreign languages, foreign books. It was forbidden to read and write anything except edicts and other documents command. Wearing glasses was seen as the unreliability and served as one of the charges up to the shootings. During the existence of the regime (4 years) was destroyed, according to various estimates, from 1.5 to 3 million people.
Democratic Republic Of Afghanistan.
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, existed from 1978 to 1992. It was a single-party parliamentary Republic, focused on construction in Afghanistan socialist Republic. The priority measures, the authorities announced a debt reduction landless and land-poor peasants, the elimination of usury and the abolition of the traditional Pashtun mahora. Plans for the development of the country the government were really big. Eliminated pre-existing feudal system of land tenure, built about 250 industrial enterprises, raising the minimum wage worker at 40-50 %^ actively engaged in the decision “housing problem”, repaired roads, built bridges, restored the health system and education.
It’s not corny or sounds controversial, but the problems existing at that time in DRA, the authorities started after the Soviet withdrawal. In late 1988 under the control of the Afghan government were 81% of the provincial centres, 46.8% of County and township centers, 23.5% of counties and townships. After the Soviet withdrawal, government forces of the DRA controlled the majority of the country (26 of 28 provinces, 114 of 187 County centers and villages 6110), while the opposition armed groups controlled two provinces — Bamyan and Tolukan and 76 counties. During 1990 the government of the DRA army repulsed several attacks of the Mujahideen, including the assault on Jalalabad, Khost and Kabul. However, in the future, having appeared in international isolation, the government of the DRA could not cope with the Mujahideen. By the first half of 1991, it controlled only 10 % of the country. In April 1992, the Mujahideen without a fight entered Kabul and declared Afghanistan an Islamic state. As noted by the British diplomat Roderick Braithwaite, in the second half of 2000-ies of nostalgia for the DRA was common among the Afghan population.
The Democratic People’s Republic.
The same North Korea, founded on 9 September 1948 as the people’s democratic state. The power in the country belongs to the workers ‘ party of Korea headed by first Secretary of the Kim Jong-UN. The official state ideology is Juche, “relying on his strength”. The country currently operates a planned economy, a command type, which, of course, very complicated by the isolation of North Korea from the rest of the world. The DPRK is essentially a militarized state with an army of over a million people, despite the fact that the country is home to about 25 million people. In addition, the reserve has yet to 7.7 million.
Particularly interesting is the situation with mass media and the Internet in North Korea. The country has three TV channels. All television receivers of the population are subject to mandatory registration, set frequencies are blocked and the controls are sealed up. Same thing with radio. Inside Korea, listening to foreign radio programs is prohibited and is punishable by imprisonment. Officially permitted only radios with fixed tuning of the DPRK. The vast majority of the population do not have access to the Internet. The output of the network is only at diplomatic installations and some foreign enterprises. The rest of the population can use only the internal network of the country Site, not connected to the Internet.
The Republic Of Cuba.
In the form of government Cuba is a socialist Republic of the parliamentary type. The majority of deputies in Parliament represent the Communist party of Cuba. Executive power is exercised by the Chairman of the Council of State (head of state), which in practice is both General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Cuba and President of the Council of Ministers, second Secretary of the Central Committee, respectively.
The economy is mainly based on tourism. Due to the long U.S. embargo of Cuba have no access to important world markets and investments. Over the years has accumulated a lot of problems in the economic sector: poor infrastructure, shortages of foreign currency, fuel, fertilizers and spare parts. In the period after 1960 a colossal damage to the economic development of Cuba caused economic embargo imposed by the US government. According to official data of the government of Cuba, as of early December 2010 the direct damage from the economic blockade amounted to 104 billion U.S. dollars (and taking into account the depreciation of the dollar relative to gold in the period after 1961 975 billion US dollars). Nevertheless, despite long-standing embargo and other problems, Cuba’s GDP per person is far ahead of, for example, Ukraine.
The Socialist Republic Of Vietnam.
Another existing socialist Republic. Vietnam’s leadership role in state and society belongs to the local Communist party. Today it is the only party in the country, Democratic and socialist parties ceased to exist in 1988. The state-bureaucratic system of economic management has led in the mid-1980s to its chronic crisis. In 1986 began a period of reforms on the development of market relations while maintaining the socialist orientation of development. In 1990 the National Assembly adopted the first laws on private enterprises, joint-stock companies and of limited liability companies, the model for which was provided by French law. However, the state reserved the right to complete control over private enterprise.
For a long time economic growth of Vietnam prevented the us embargo and the overprotective of the Soviet state — foreign capital in the country is not welcomed. In December 1988, the Vietnamese government adopted the foreign investment law, which guaranteed the companies from other States that their property and profits will not be nationalized. Vietnam reached first company from the Asia-Pacific region, primarily South Korea and Australia, and then many others. And in 1997 the Parliament of Vietnam has allowed all provinces and districts to make their own foreign trade operations. From 11 January 2007 Vietnam became 150th member of the world trade organization (WTO).
The Bolivarian Republic Of Venezuela.
Venezuela has become one of the countries in which socialism has become to strengthen its position. On the political structure it is a socialist Republic, but such a policy is active in the life in this country. Venezuela’s economy is based on oil, which provides 80% of export earnings, more than 50 % of the revenue of the state budget and about 30 % of GDP. President Hugo Chavez has pursued a policy of increasing state control of the economy — in 2007, he nationalized businesses, oil, communications and energy sectors. In 2008 nationalized enterprises producing steel and cement. In July 2008, chávez issued a decree on further strengthening of the subordination of the economy under his plan “socialism of the 21st century”.
By 2013, the annual inflation rate reached 54 %. In November 2013, by order of President Nicolas Maduro were arrested owners and employees of chains selling electrical goods. With the help of the army and police, the goods were sold at a price of 10 % off the regular price. In some places, with residents wishing to obtain goods at a reduced price, the police could not cope and shops were looted.
Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
In Laos one-party system, the country being governed by people’s revolutionary party, Laos Communist type. The Laos President is elected by Parliament for five years. The government is headed by the Prime Minister of Laos, appointed by the President with approval of Parliament. Government policy is determined by the Party through the Politburo of nine members and the Central Committee of 49 members.
Private enterprise in Laos was allowed only in 1986 after the weakening of state control over the economy. This has led to a sharp rise in the economy, but growth is constrained by lack of infrastructure: in a country lacking a railroad, a network of roads was extremely low. The basis of the economy of Laos today is agriculture. It involves 80 % of the working population, it also gives 30 % of the country’s GDP.
The Mongolian People’s Republic.
The Mongolian people’s Republic existed from 1924 to 1992. The highest organ of state power and the only legislative body was the Grand National Assembly (Khural). That’s Great Khural claimed the Constitution and amendments to it, determined by internal and external policies, approved plans of development of economy, the state budget. In the period between sessions of the Great Khural of the highest authority was its presidency.
Major trade, military and political partner of the MPR for 70 years, is the Soviet Union. With the Western countries Mongolia relations had, with the exception of Finland. In addition, the MPR maintained ties with the African countries of socialist orientation, and national liberation movements, in particular the people’s Republic of Mozambique and SWAPO-Namibia. The collapse of the MPR was very prosaic. In connection with the Restructuring of the Soviet Union in 1989 the country began mass demonstrations and acts of disobedience that led to the resignation of the Politburo of the MPRP in full force. Since 1990, due to the weakening of Soviet influence, the country’s limited reforms begin, there are several opposition parties. Now Mongolia is a multiparty parliamentary Republic.
