How is it that over two decades the “great ukry” founded Kievan Rus? Why Ukrainians, nastasivka their country, with bitterness relate to what is happening in Russia and require all special attention? Inna Novikova talks with historian, political scientist, program Director of the Valdai club, MGIMO Professor Vladimir Barabanova.
— The theme is “ancient ukrov” for the professional historian is akin to a joke. Another thing is that this nonsense is actually written in Ukrainian history textbooks, both high school and school. On the principle that the history of mankind begins with Adam and eve, and with Taras and Gali, who ponadkusyvali all the apples in the garden of good and evil, and the Lord broke down and drove them out. And these Taras and Gali went ancient ukry.
But seriously, the current Kiev historians associate the mythical ancient ukrov with the Sumerian civilization. There is a real Trypillian archaeological culture, region of the Balkan Neolithic, representing a marginal edge wider community — the Cucuteni, Romanian Neolithic culture.
It is really beautiful painted ceramics, signifying a jump in its production. The current Ukrainian historiography focuses on the fact that the ancient ukry happen just out of this Trypillian culture. And in parallel with his brothers-by the Sumerians 5000 years ago they first began building the world civilization.
Then in the Ukrainian textbooks, the theme of Kievan Rus ‘ as the forerunner of modern Ukrainian statehood. Although if we take comparative Ethnology, we see that in Poland at the same time, somewhere in the VIII-IX centuries, and the consolidation drevnerusskoi ethnicity, is the formation of the old Polish state. One of its centers is called Kujawy, and one of the tribes that form drevnerusskoy statehood — clearing. Suddenly those clearing and the same Kiev (Cueva, Kujawy) appear on the Dnieper.
Thus, it is impossible to say that “Kiev Polyana” (the indigenous tribe, the Baptist Ukrainian) “rose” of the Tripolye culture. If to speak in essence, it was just part of poles came to the Dnieper.
Moving on, the IX century, 800 years… Eastern Slavic tribes scattered from the Black to the Baltic seas. Including clearing. The southern part is under the political protectorate of the Khazars. Slavic tribes, including clearing, paying tribute to the Khazars — Jewish-Turkic power.
At the same time in the North, on the territory of Novgorod and Pskov, there live other Slavic tribes, called Slovenia. They are in a very difficult relationship with another ethnic group — the Vikings. The Vikings patronize the territory of the Northern Slavic tribes, but, unlike the Khazars, treat it not as a colony, stupidly collecting tribute. The Vikings called it “Gardariki”, which translated from old Norse means “land of cities”. In the Scandinavian sagas besides referred to a real ancient Russian princes Vladimir, Yaroslav, appears and the center of Gardariki — the Varangian city Holmgard, the present Novgorod. This suggests the existence of some, not extant in written sources, the Varangian state with the center in Novgorod.
In 860 years of the Varangian, led by Rurik, and then Oleg, make the trek from the North along the Dnieper, captured Kiev (Quavo). Khazar protectorate over these lands comes to an end. And then they moved the capital of Holmgard-Novgorod in the Kujawy-Kiev, closer to Byzantium, since their main goal was control over the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. From Kiev it was more convenient. Thus formed the power of Kievan Rus, and doing it the Scandinavians, the Western Slavs, together with the North Slavs, Slovenia, and krivichsky Novgorod, Smolensk and Pskov. Neither of which Ukraine then nobody never heard of. Yaroslav the Wise would be very surprised if someone then called him a “Ukrainian Prince”.
Historians generally accepted theory of how Ukraine was formed, connected with the Cossack movement XVI-XVII centuries. After the consolidation of the Grand Duchy of Moscow under Ivan III and then Ivan the terrible forms the phenomenon of the suburbs, or Ukraine: there are outskirts of the Dnieper, the don edge, the edge of the Yaik on the Ural river, outskirts of Lithuania. Consolidation means strengthening of public order and the tax burden.
Those who do not want to live under strict state regulation, fled to the suburbs and amassing polovodovskiy, polarizibility gang, of which subsequently formed the Cossacks. One such Cossack suburbs then started to form a bigger structure called Ukraine.
This is a standard theory that no self-respecting historian does not undertake to challenge. But not modern Ukrainians. They say everything was not so, the word “Ukraine” first appeared in Russian Chronicles in XII century. Indeed, there was, but it was found in them only one time and belonged to the Pereyaslav Principality. The Principality is located South of Kiev and served as an Outpost between the ancient Russia and the Steppe.
It is clear that this area of Kiev was considered as outskirts, a purely geographical, not more. You can say anything: that Kievan Rus — Ukrainian state that the Trypillya culture — an achievement of the ancient ukrov, Taras and Galia inhabited Paradise. To science all of this is irrelevant. Ancient Kiev was a Russian city and will remain so in history.
God with them, with the response. How do you, as a historian and political analyst, estimated 25 years of independence modern real Ukraine?
— In figures, Ukraine is a vivid example of a failed state, fell state. Economic statistics of the late Soviet Union demonstrates the huge industrial potential of the Ukrainian SSR. But to date, it’s pretty much all or have destroyed, or stolen. And that the current Ukraine is a failed state, wine is not only “a couple”, not just the current government. The looting of Ukraine has contributed to all: Yanukovych, Yushchenko and Kuchma, and the “great mafia organization” — the Dnepropetrovsk regional Committee of Komsomol, ” – said Turchinov and Tymoshenko.
Today, many Ukrainians hate Russia. But at the same time crammed to work for us, as in Poland, Romania travel does not work, they are not particularly welcome. Hatred to Russia, not even stopping to rest in the Crimea: Ukrainian tourists this year, began to return EN masse to Crimea. Spit, saying that their time will come, but in Odessa and the Azov sea near Mariupol somehow not coming.
If they were to end principled and consistent, then in 2014 when “enemy” Russia is annexed, occupied, etc., they would have insisted that their country is torn with the aggressor, diplomatic relations, imposed a strict visa regime. But no, to cover Russia, the last words should be at home in words but in deeds: the summer’s fighting in the ATO, something to show for it; in winter, once in the trenches uncomfortable to sit — went to Moscow, by bus steer; in the summer returned to the ATO, to war, understand that the ATO 2015 ATO worse 2014, spat, and went “zarabotaet” in Moscow. This is, roughly, the thinking of the current gastrolavage Ukrainian.+
In the spring and summer of 2014, the Russian leadership was faced with the dilemma: to stay in the Crimea or not to stay? It was decided to stop at the Crimea. Why is a separate issue, but the decision was made to try to keep at least minimal contact with Ukraine. And then it was easy and to introduce a visa regime, and to take Mariupol, and much more to do.
We keep saying “ball” on the side of Ukraine that we are ready to consider any variants: the rupture of diplomatic relations, and the introduction of the visa regime. Heart we really do want two years we have watered and watered dirt. Heart, of course, not ordered, but there are more difficult moments. But here comes in pragmatics: once that happens, once we stop supplying them oil, gas, coal and so on, the country is really bent. And who does it hurt is a question. It backfire on all of us.
Inna Novikova
