Deputy Chairman of the Duma Committee on economic policy, innovative development and entrepreneurship Nicholas Arefiev answers questions of a journalist KM.RU Dionysus of Capture.
– How do you assess the economic situation of our country as a whole?
– The level of development of economy of Russia occupies 95th place in the world. By the way, today in the structure of GDP, the manufacturing industry is 16%. In Germany 83%.
In the world Bank ranking Russia is on the 48th place in the world in terms of availability and quality of transport infrastructure. Including the quality of the railway infrastructure is at the 33rd place in the world, by quality road – on 111-m a place. The quality of infrastructure air and water ports in Russia is situated at 87th and 82nd place respectively.
Russia became one of the world leaders in the number of poor and destitute people. Today the standard of living our country has dropped to 91st in the world. Her neighbors, rating – Laos and Guatemala. In Russia 10% of citizens have incomes less than 5000 rubles, 52.6 per cent of the population have incomes below 15 thousand rubles a month. Scheduled up to 25% reduction of staff in the public corporations and 10% in the public sector. The very distressed – “children of war”, their revenues amount to 5-7 thousand rubles per month.
– What is the situation in the regions?
– Of the 85 regions can be considered self-sufficient only 10, the rest of the budget deficit of 2.3 trillion rubles. In two thirds of the regions public debt at 50% above the planned revenues. In 55 subjects of Federation, the national debt exceeds 50% of the approved revenues. While in seven regions, the ratio exceeds 100%.
Reduced carriage of passengers by bus in General use. Since 2000 was reduced by half in number of passengers: 23 million people to 11.5 million people. Entire areas remain cut off from town and city centres.
From 1302 airports available at the beginning of 1992, has remained at 329. The transition from social tariffs to ‘economically justified” has led since 1991, the decline in passenger traffic on light aircraft almost 40 times. On airplanes with a capacity of 12 seats – more than 50 times. Mainline aircraft, their lines linking major centres, has virtually no effect on life within the regions.
Due to the lack of stable existing network of air traffic 12-16 million people to 60-70% of the territory of the Russian Federation practically cut off from the life of the country.
– At the highest level have repeatedly emphasized the importance of development of high technologies. What has been done in this area?
– According to the Federal state statistics service, the share of enterprises implementing technological innovations, and the share of innovative products in total volume of shipped products represent about 2.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Essentially Russia has slipped from the front seats on the margins of the civilized world.
Science is in decline. Currently, the costs of Russian companies on R & d (%of GDP) be 1.04%, which is significantly lower than the innovation leaders, where they account for 2.5 to 4.5%.
Moreover, the cost structure is oriented to the imitation of innovations. Develop, own, account for only 16% performed by third-party organizations to 10.9%. To update the software goes to 1.3%. All other funds used to purchase machines and mechanisms.
To get closer to the world level, it is necessary to deploy the structure in the opposite direction and over 50% of the direct research.
– Science is inseparable from the education system. The condition of the schools?
– During the years of reforms the number of preschool institutions decreased by 44.7 thousand units. For every 100 places in preschool institutions there are 106 children requiring a place in kindergarten. Of 67.6 thousand day schools remained 43 thousand units. From vocational schools were only a third. In 2013 in Russia’s 2,500 schools and branches, left 1900. In 2015, he closed 46 Schools. For 2016, the education budget was reduced by 50 billion rubles.
– How serious are the problems in the housing sector?
According to the Ministry of regional development, the restoration of the enterprises of housing and communal services requires 10.4 trillion rubles. The demolition of 99.4 million square meters of dilapidated housing will need to 367 billion rubles. On the construction of new apartments for relocated families in need of 3.18 trillion rubles. The country lacks 1.6 billion square meters of Housing, whose total cost at current prices is 51.2 trillion rubles. Total: 65 trillion rubles. Four of the annual budget of the country!
The total incomes amount to 18.7 trillion rubles a year. To pay 65 billion rubles people are not able. Instead of increasing public spending in 2016 the amount of funds for housing and communal services fell to 78 bn.
