PwC studied the dynamics of individual entrepreneurship in Russia
Rustem Falyakhov
Alexander Kryazhev/RIA Novosti
In less than six years, the number of individual entrepreneurs in Russia decreased by 8%. In Moscow the situation is better — their number has grown by half and amounted to nearly 250 thousand people. But the life of every fifth Moscow entrepreneur is on average one year, and only a third of sole traders have lasted in the capital market from five to ten years.
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) presented the study “the Development of individual entrepreneurship in Moscow for 2010-2016”. During this time the number of entrepreneurs in the capital rose by 51% from 162 thousand to 244 thousand persons, says the study’s author, PwC partner Cyril Nikitin. Just now in Moscow, including 7% of all entrepreneurs in Russia.
The increase in half — the best indicator in Russia. Other potentially attractive markets, the number of IP growing is not as impressive pace. In St.-Petersburg — 43%, in Moscow region— 31%, in Leningrad — twice slower.
And oil regions-donors, and all have shown a decline — in the Tyumen region for the same period of sole traders was 2% less and Tatarstan fell by 20% immediately.
From 2010 to 2012 inclusive the increase of FE in Moscow amounted to 9-10%, while in Russia the number of individual entrepreneurs decreased, yet has not gone to minus 2%. But 2013 has been a problem for all regions, including Moscow. Here, the number of IP decreased by 2%, and in the whole of the Russian Federation — 13%.
Mostly the decline was due to the growth of insurance premiums in half, from 17 thousand to 36 thousand. Those SP that were not in business, or almost worked, closed. But in Moscow, the decline was milder, and by the end of 2014 began to increase. And in Russia the failure of 2013 and was not compensated, — said Nikitin from PwC.
Now in Russia, according to the NRF, was 3.6 million SP. To the decline in 2013 was FE 3.9 million In the whole of Russia the number PI in less than six years declined by 8%.
The data compiled on the basis of statistics of the Federal tax service and survey by the Levada center themselves Yip, error — 5%.
Capital entrepreneur
Annually in Moscow is registered for 18% of FE above the previous year. But 12% of FE is eliminated. Every sixth pesnik in Moscow is engaged in business activity for less than one year, and then collapses it. Almost 40% of FE survive from one to five years. Less than one third of afloat from five to ten years.
“Long-livers”, who managed to hold on to the capital market more than ten years account for only 17% of all SP.
Among the main reasons of liquidation, according to the survey, the decline in demand (this was indicated by 31% of respondents), increased costs (10%), increased competition (6%), economic sanctions (5%).
The growth of the tax burden and the claim of the tax authorities complained in the survey 10% of individual entrepreneurs to liquidate their business in Moscow.
The study does not appear such factors as high interest rates on the loan, although this reason is able to kill in the Bud any initiative. According to Alexei Voronin, owner of hair salon for men Royals, get preferential unsecured loan for opening or development of business is now virtually impossible. You have to take a consumer loan at the draconian rate of 17% per annum.
Portrait of the capital of IP in the areas of employment looks as follows: the services and employment of 61% FE, or 142 thousand. In the retail trade employs nearly a third of FE and 8% in wholesale trade. In the manufacturing sector only 4% of SP.
The greatest increase in the number of FE observed in the construction and repair (55%), in the field of IT-technologies (48%) and consulting, legal, accounting, advertising and marketing services, as well as in hairdressing and beauty services (28%).
As a rule, individual entrepreneurs do not have employees. Only a quarter of the PI to hire a staff of 15 people. Individual entrepreneurs are not inclined to formalize the employment relationship with workers officially because of the high cost of legalization.
“To pay an employee the wages of white probation in the amount of 100 rubles, the owner will have to pay in the budget 50 RUB (personal income tax, insurance premiums). Only one in four employees formalized”, — said Nikitin.
According to his calculations, the average annual load on one SP is 169 thousand rubles excluding insurance and property contributions, despite the fact that 98% of the SP used is considered a lightweight form of taxation — the patent or the simplified tax system. A patent can cost from 18 thousand to 300 thousand roubles, depending on the activity. The average revenue PI per year under the simplified tax system — 4.23 million RUB.
According to Nikitin, “current tax policies did not help to bring out of the shadows of self-employed citizens working in the household, drivers, housekeepers, nannies, nurses. You need to simplify all the legal requirements for that category of IP.” In addition, a more detailed differentiation of the cost of the patent depending on the availability of employees, the introduction of a reduced rate for the patent in the first years of activities of individual entrepreneurs.
Nikitin also believes that it is necessary to stop registration of entrepreneurs who do not pass the reporting. “Business, of course, against this proposal,” argues Executive Director of “OPORA Russia” Andrey Shubin.
“These proposals will be discussed by the Moscow city Duma and the Moscow government,” — said “the Newspaper. Ru” the President Moscow trading-industrial chamber Vladimir Platonov (October 26 with the annual report before deputies of Moscow city Council will be the mayor Sergey Sobyanin).
And according to Vladimir buoys, Vice-President of the National Institute for system research enterprise, report of PwC is not quite correct.
“We need to analyze really existing SP, and not those that are registered and often do not conduct any activities. The picture may be different when you save the trends,” says Buoy.
In addition, the alleged rapid increase in the number of entrepreneurs in Moscow are often due to the fact that an employer, it is often the company requires that employees create IP. This is done for tax optimization. In fact, such a PI consists of the same employees, only decorated differently. It’s not a business, it’s a fake IP, they have one employer.
