Doctors told what a dangerous disease you can catch in fresh water.
Sea water treatment and safe thanks to the presence of salt, iodine and minerals that are antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal agents.
But swimming in freshwater bodies, particularly in lentic (ponds and lakes), may result in hospitalization with a whole bunch of different diseases. Below are TOP list of the most terrible diseases that can be caught in these waters.
Cholera. One of the oldest diseases in the world is transmitted by contact with ground water and water bodies along with sewage that contain feces and vomit ill and healthy carriers. Cholera vibrios can live from 5 to 25 days, and enter the body through open wounds or by ingestion of water in the body.
According to the world health organization, in 80-90% of cases of the disease it can be mild or of moderate severity, and it is difficult to distinguish from simple acute diarrhea. However, severe cholera is characterized by severe dehydration, slow heartbeat, weakness, shortness of breath, cyanosis of the skin, tonic convulsions of the muscles of the limbs and face, anuria and termination of the chair. If you do not restore the electrolyte balance, then comes death. It is noteworthy that bacteria of cholera — one of the few able to survive in sea water. And some vibrios also reproduce in water with iodine.
Leptospirosis is one of the most serious diseases, which can be transmitted in water. Bacteria get into the water with faeces of animals (rats, mice, dogs, pigs) and stored in reservoirs up to 25 days. The infection occurs through contact of the mucous membranes of a person with contaminated water. The disease is characterized by a rapid current, sharp rise in body temperature, the appearance of sharp muscle pain, this affects the liver and kidneys. Unfortunately, mortality from this disease is very high.
Enterovirus infection. Once in the water with the feces of people, the virus, once in the intestinal tract or Airways of a human, cause the appearance of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rashes on the body, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and conjunctivitis — there are various options of clinical enteroviral infection. In severe cases develop meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis.
Fungal infections (mycoses). The fungus gets into the water by infected people, items they used, from animals, birds and rodents.
Fungal diseases develop slowly in the chronic form, are rarely accompanied by a slight inflammation, are expressed by external signs depending on the species (e.g. peeling), and thus the person did not hurt. From the mushrooms that are found in water first affects the skin, feet and genitals.
Viral hepatitis A. This form of hepatitis is transmitted through dirty hands, water and food. The first symptoms of the disease appear in approximately 30 days. Note the violation of General condition, pain and heaviness in the right hypochondrium, fever, skin, coloration of the mucous membranes and sclera yellow, change the color of urine. If the disease has a latent form, it leads to the development of biliary dyskinesia.
How to prevent infection?
Of course, you must avoid swimming in suspicious waters. There are some General points that you should pay attention:
– if on the waterfront installed a sign “bathing is forbidden”, then bathe in it is not worth it,
– you should avoid bodies of water located near sewage treatment facilities, farms, factories, parks (because there owners walk their dogs), etc.
– avoid crowded beaches,
– if the reservoir is aquatic birds, it is likely that it is full of parasites and microbes
of course it is not necessary to bathe in the waters that “bloom” or exude an unpleasant odor,
absolutely can not drink water from fresh water bodies without treatment,
– should float so as not to swallow the water, and she did not get on mucous membranes.
